Clean Edge free essay sample

Non-dispensable razors recorded normal development of about 5% in retail deals during the period 2007 to 2010 though top off cartridge and expendable razors recorded development of roughly 2% and 3% separately for a similar period. Developments and new item presentations are the prime components for the development. Non-dispensable razors and top off cartridge showcase is extensively characterized into three sections to be specific worth, moderate and too premium dependent on cost and quality. Paramounts shopper research distinguished unmistakable division as far as item advantages and buyer conduct. % of non-expendable razor clients are sectioned as Involved Razor clients, social/passionate shavers; 28% as Involved Razor clients, stylish shavers and 33% as Uninvolved Razor clients, support shavers. Studies from 2009 demonstrated that the retail deals of non-dispensable razors and top off cartridge originated from 25% volume of super-premium, 43% of moderate and 32% of significant wo rth fragments. In the most recent decade, the business has encountered huge development in the overly premium section. Item advancement and new innovation is driving this segment for various new participants. In 2008-09 the pace of new item development prompts 22 new SKUs to be presented. SWOT Analysis Strengths Paramount Health and Beauty Companys greatest quality is that it is a settled brand with profound pockets and an excellent relationship with purchasers. The item Clean Edge Razor, that they nave discharged, is likewise mechanically in the current market. Shortcomings best The organization doesn't have a cut in the 37. 2% of the pie that relates to the too premium fragment which has enormous potential. Likewise there is a danger of propelling the item in an inappropriate section or situating it wrongly. An off-base move could bring about cannibalization of Paramount Pro, another item in their portfolio. Openings There is excellent development in the excessively premium section particularly in mens preparing. The market is likewise exceptionally gainful so merchants are prepared to stock the items. Likewise, the upkeep clients are a market not wandered by any organization till date. Thus the open doors are enormous. Dangers A decent number of contenders are attempting to turn into the pioneer in this portion which is required to develop later on. The contenders could likewise find the most recent echnology and discharge a mechanically further developed item. Accessibility of options like dispensable and electric razors make a high danger of substitutes. In view of enormous number of items accessible and steady development in the part it is simple for the buyers to switch the organizations. Thus, shoppers have a high dealing power. Passage obstructions are low in the business since no major RD costs are included and there are no significant guidelines. The haggling intensity of the providers is low. Thus, generally speaking the excellent section of nondisposable razors is an alluring industry to go into. Situating Strategy: The primary procedure that we propose is Niche Positioning, focusing on the superior section: As of now, the items discharged by Paramount in the non-expendable razer portion, Paramount Pro and Paramount Avail are situated in the moderate fragment and as a worth - offering individually. Following three years of improvement, Paramount Health and Beauty Company has thought of another mechanically progressed vibrating razor called Clean Edge. Remembering the unrivaled innovation utilized and the way that Paramount has not propelled an item focusing on the excellent egment, Paramount could receive Niche Positioning while at the same time propelling Clean Edge. In any case, there are sure inconveniences and favorable circumstances: Advantages: Positioning Paramounts Clean Edge as a specialty will complement the companys item portfolio altogether. From the shows it is obvious that it will bring about high and reliable overall revenues for the organization and the hazard included will be less. Aside from that, the money related prerequisite of propelling the item in the top notch fragment is just 15 million dollars as against 42 million dollars for the standard focusing on. Impediments: As the patterns proposes, understanding the way that the top notch portion has not been focused on altogether, practically all of Paramounts contenders have propelled items for this section. Likewise, for as far back as 5 years, the companys current items Pro and Avail have not presented any new developments because of which its clients are proceeding onward to different contenders. The item star is in the full grown face and may require eliminating in the end. The second system that can be followed is Mainstream Positioning. The points of interest and weaknesses of the equivalent are as per the following: Consumers are turning out to be increasingly more modern step by step and anticipate further developed innovation. Paramounts bread and butter item, Pro was in the adult period of the item lifecycle so there is a chance of decrease. Situating Clean Edge as standard item will help keep faithful Paramount clients from being charmed away to increasingly inventive brands. Standard razor unit volumes are required to catch more than multiple times the volumes of the specialty advertise in the principal year. Clean Edge has the potential for genuine market control and would rapidly pick up ass offer. Detriments: Paramount previously had item in standard situating - Paramount Pro so propelling it as standard situating will weaken the brand power and will prompt cannibalization. Additional promoting bolster will be expected to arrive at the objective masses. The organization would require a broad publicizing effort, significant buyer advancements would be required and in this manner the costs related with them will be enormous. To arrive at full deals potential with this situating, $42 million promoting financial plan would be required for year one. All out deals of Paramount for Avail and Pro for first year (2009) and second year (2010) are determined utilizing the market size (retail deals) and comparing piece of the overall industry, both genuine (2009)and assessed (2010), of Paramount. The expense of Cannibalization is determined utilizing all out deals and level of cannibalization given. Examining the outcome, it is apparent that starting the item is a beneficial endeavor; in any case, the expense of cannibalization may change conditions. The expense of cannibalization is lower for the specialty showcase when contrasted with standard market. Despite the fact that, cannibalization djustments give us misfortunes for the primary year on account of both standard and specialty, the benefit got in the second year for standard is bigger than specialty showcase. Marking Strategy The marking ought to be done so that it underscores Clean Edge Razor as an extraordinary and advancement item with the use of most recent innovation. In any case, given the tight publicizing financial plan, it should utilize the entrenched name of Paramount as opposed to assemble a brand dependent on the Clean Edge. This should enable expected purchasers to interface with the item rapidly and test it. This ought to guarantee most extreme deals. Suggestions Conclusion The proposal is to bring the Clean Edge into the commercial center as a specialty item since information shows that purchasers in the exceptional section are happy to switch between the organizations. Utilizing publicizing and advancement of the new item we can pick up piece of the overall industry from contenders. Show 8directly suppo rts this proposal and snows that despite the fact that unit deals are not exactly standard deals, the working benefit and the working benefits as % of deals is higher. In both year one and year two, this specialty arket is gainful and developing. It is here that Paramount should concentrate its endeavors on item presentation and situating for the Clean Edge Razor. When it has propelled itself in the specialty portion, Randall should then dispatch it, perhaps following 2 to 3 years, in the standard classification. As the information appears, both specialty and standard technique will assist Paramount with raising its piece of the pie in super-premium non dispensable razor fragment. In any case, the specialty procedure will empowers Clean Edge Razor to contribute benefit and simultaneously, limit the impact of tearing up Paramounts existing items.

Jerry Sandusky: Child Molester or Not? Essays -- Child Molestation

To most kids, everything on the planet is acceptable, honorable, and totally guiltless. Getting their squeezed apple taken by their sibling is the most noticeably awful thing that might ever transpire. Being sheltered, secure, and effortless is the truth for most youngsters, as it ought to be. For 10 people that have made their youth episodes open to the general population, an exceptionally underhanded and wound man took the blamelessness that they once knew. This man is Jerry Sandusky. Sandusky was referred to most as an ordinary man who instructed football at Pennsylvania State University, otherwise called â€Å"Penn State† (Bronstein). In the 23 years that Sandusky instructed, he fundamentally filled in as protective facilitator (Scott). In 1999, after his 23rd season, lead trainer Joe Paterno educated Sandusky that he would not turn into the following lead trainer of the Penn State football crew (Scott). That solitary discussion drove Sandusky to his retirement that equiva lent year (Grand Jury Report 16). Casualty 4 later affirmed that this circumstance upset Sandusky extraordinarily (Grand Jury Report 16). Jerry Sandusky initially met his casualties during That Time Mile, a foundation for in danger youngsters (Johnson). This cause was begun as a gathering home in 1977 by Sandusky himself, however transformed into an association that extended over all of focal Pennsylvania (Grand Jury Report 1). While the Second Mile program served more than 100,000 youngsters, it’s total assets detonated to over $9 million (Roebuck). This program gave Sandusky simple access to little young men and a lot of them through day camps, picnics, and chances for the young men to go to football match-ups with him (Johnson). Sandusky would initially begin easygoing discussion with the young men before welcoming them to Penn State football match-ups or different incidental trips (Johnson... ... Transcript. Leshan, Bruce. Sandusky Casualty #1 Ready To Testify | Wusa9.com. Wusa9.com. 12 Dec. 2011. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. Priest, John. In Sandusky Case, Columbia Lawyer Stands with Victim No. 6 - Local/Metro - TheState.com. TheState.com. 13 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. Roebuck, Jeremy. Penn State Scandal Directs New Scrutiny to University's Relationship with Second Mile Charity. Philadelphia Inquirer 26 Nov. 2011. Print. Roebuck, Jeremy. Sandusky Lawyer Decries Media's Chilling Effect on His Witnesses. Philadelphia Inquirer 27 Nov. 2011. EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. Sandusky Case Now Heads to Trial. EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. USA Today, 14 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. Scott, David C. Jerry Sandusky: What Did Penn State's Joe Paterno Know about Him? Christian Science Monitor. Web. 30 Nov. 2011.

Some Thoughts on Study Abroad

Some Thoughts on Study Abroad When I was in high school, I would ask college students and recent graduates what they liked most about school and what they regretted about their experience. It was simple enough, and it gave me a decent idea of what people actually valued during their four years as an undergraduate. In these conversations, one topic stood out above the rest: study abroad. People who went couldn’t stop raving about it, and those who didn’t often cited it as a regret. Stockholm University, Sweden Fast forward to spring semester of my sophomore year. I had always assumed that study abroad was going to be a part of my college experience, but I never did any significant planning towards actually doing it. Then, I kept saying “yes” to work on projects or boards without realizing the implication: I was going to have to stay on campus the entirety of my junior year. It happens. There was even a period of time when I questioned whether or not this was such a bad thing. I mean, I was enjoying myself on campus. I loved the work I was doing and signed up to do. I loved being with all of my friends on campus. There was a part of me that didn’t want to miss out on that for a whole semester. However, I knew I needed to study abroad. Emphasis on need. And I needed to prioritize it. So starting my summer before junior year, I began to plan a study abroad experience for the fall semester of my senior year. Unorthodox, sure, but not unheard of. And I really needed to do it, because the more I thought about it, the more I recognized that there truly is no other time in my life I could have a trip quite like it. HKUST, Hong Kong Fast forward to today. I’ve got one week until the deadline for study abroad fall semester. I’ve lined up my top locations (Hong Kong and Sweden) and have everything submitted except for a pesky 250-word essay. And I’m excited. Super excited. I can’t wait. But, I’d be lying if I said it wasn’t a nervous excitement. I’ll be travelling in foreign lands for 4+ months where English will be a second language (at best), with new and strange foods, cultures, experiences, and people. It’s going to be a lot. But I need to do it. Emphasis on need. Talk soon. Steven Class of 2019 I’m from New Canaan, Connecticut. I'm studying Management Entrepreneurship in the Gies College of Business and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Symptoms And Possible Treatment Options For Apert Syndrome

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH, 2013), Apert syndrome is a genetic disease that results in the premature fusion of the sutures between the bones of the skull (craniosynostosis), which causes an abnormally shaped head and face. Apert syndrome accounts for approximately 4.5% of all craniosynostosis syndromes, with an estimated birth prevalence of 1:64,500 (Giancotti et al., 2014, p. 1445). Because children with Apert syndrome exhibit a variety of craniofacial and central nervous system anomalies, many of them are likely to demonstrate severe speech and language difficulties. As a future speech-language pathologist, it is important to be aware of some of the major factors contributing to these children’s speech and language problems in order to better serve them and their families. Thus, in this paper, I will closely examine the causes, signs and symptoms, and possible treatment options for Apert syndrome, as well as explore some of the speech, language, hearing, and other related problems often associated with it. Causes Apert syndrome is caused by a genetic mutation that occurs early on in pregnancy. Recently, researchers at Oxford University identified the specific genetic change that results in the characteristic features of Apert syndrome. They report that slight, specific changes in the genetic makeup of chromosome number 10, known as â€Å"Fibroblast Growth Receptor Factor 2† (FGFR2), causes the rare syndrome. All children receive two

Mahatma Ghandi, An Indian Philosopher - 1424 Words

When one shields their eyes, they refuse to acknowledge the truth, living between walls constructed through lies. The source provided displays such a stance, in regards to cultural distortion, as a result of globalization. Mahatma Ghandi, an Indian philosopher, states, â€Å"I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.† Acculturation is looked upon favourably by the speaker; he attempts to communicate how cultural exchange is a wonderful opportunity, where isolation is harmful and disadvantageous. However, Mahatma Ghandi also communicates that cultural interactions should not result†¦show more content†¦When unequal relationships, favouring the more powerful civilization, form between cultural groups, eventually the other group faces the unbeatable pressures of assimilation. Furthermore, cultural interacti on typically causes the destruction of Native cultures, destining the planet’s vital cultural diversity to vanquish. In addition, prolonged cultural interaction leads to deadly homogenization ramifications. Homogenization and the destruction of Native cultures are the legacy of cultural communication, as well assimilation, as explored accordingly. Assimilation is similar to Spanish conquistadors; its quench to conquer does not recede until all is in his possession. Assimilation refers to the absorption of minority groups into a dominating culture. As result of rampant immigration and country borders diminishing, assimilation is inevitable when cultures interact. With the presence of dominating cultures, minority groups experience political, economic, social and educational pressure to assimilate, and do not have the will to resist, as opposing assimilation is a cause for marginalization. This process is grounds for culture abandonment, and ultimately cultural erosion. Therefore, cultural erosion, seen through assimilation, is caused by cultural exchange. Mahatma Ghandi, as communicated through his words, â€Å"I want the culture of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible.

Artificial Intelligence Is The Dominant Theory - 1792 Words

Artificial intelligence is intelligence exhibited by machines or software. Artificial intelligence also studies how people create computers that are capable or preforming an intelligent behavior, like a human (Business Dictionary). To back up artificial intelligence, there is functionalism. Hilary Putman developed functionalism in the 1970’s, which is still the dominant theory in todays’ society. Functionalism states that having a mind does not require a brain and mental states can be realized by other kinds of substances. Mental states are also defined by their functions. In other words, functionalism is where ones causes and effects define the views of their mental states. An example can be defined as being in pain, which can cause†¦show more content†¦Dualism is just a substance and it stated that the mind is made up of other things rather than just atoms. Where materialism states the opposite. It showed that there were no such things as immaterial substance s, which meant there were no souls. Materialism was the simpler theory because there was no mystery and it assumed the least. For that, Ockham’s razor denied the objection to the mind body dualism because it assumed too much. Along with that, materialism was able to prove that without having a soul, computers can still be intelligent like a human. Functionalism was an influence that made people believe in the possibility that machines can be intelligent. It also identifies mental states by what they do rather than what they are made of and there in that statement, the mind body dualism is denied by functionalism. Perhaps mental states are more a matter of software, like running a program on your computer (Rosen et al., 355). It is denied not only because there is not enough information to back it up, but because functionalism says that beliefs, desires and emotions fit into the larger system since those types of mental states must be realized by something else other than by what it already is. Like anything else in philosophy, there are always objections to someone’s theory. An objection or theShow MoreRelatedDiscuss Reasons for the Increased Interest in Cognitive Psychology and the Decline in Behavioristt Approach, in Addition Describe the Field of Cognitive Science Noting the Discipline That Are Included in This Field.1302 Words   |  6 Pagesfancy. John Watson for instance called for the banishment of all mental language from use in psychological research. But their radical and narrow theories and concepts made them victims of constant critique. 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The dynamic capabilities theory defends the capacity of the companies to adapt to the industry’s competition. This was which Gerstner promoted in the Organization, although he had realized a drastic change, he could recover the company from the crisis and place them back to leading

Traveling With the Doctor free essay sample

A person grows through observation, through role models and firsthand experience. Every day we hear about heroes who protect people, about police getting the bad guy, or a doctor performing a risky surgery and saving someone’s life. As children, we also see a different kind of role model, the superheroes who save cities, the lovable sidekicks, and the villains who are sometimes only doing what they thought was best. These heroes from our childhood shape us as people before we even realize it, and one of them, the Doctor, helped craft me into the person I am today, intelligent, fun loving, and always looking for something new. The Doctor, main character of a science fiction show, is my hero. Ask any one person what one event shaped their life the most. Most will tell you it was a birth or a death, or an event that many people will remember because it was happy or sad. We will write a custom essay sample on Traveling With the Doctor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The event that shaped my life the most was waking up early one Monday morning in January and flipping through the channels looking for something to watch before getting ready for school. I ended up watching my first episode of Doctor Who that day, and I was hooked, drawn in by the character of The Doctor and his charisma, his simplicity, and the mystery about him. `Traveling through time and space with his Companions, never carrying a weapon except for a multipurpose tool, The Doctor was an adventurer and scientist; he is everything I desired to be. He always asked questions, always had a plan, or at least enough knowhow to think on the fly. He bested evil creatures and genocidal aliens, fought countless battles against oppression, injustice, and wrongdoing, and always saved the day. At first it was merely the thought of his adventures that excited me. To travel the cosmos, or through time, is a dream I has always held dear. The thrill of discovering new things, of experimenting with ideas and knowledge beyond human comprehension fascinated me. In time, it grew from observation to wanting to bring pieces of that world into my own. I found myself acting more and more like The Doctor, always asking questions, always eager for more to learn. I learned how to be self-sufficient, but I also learned how to depend on others in tough times. Little things began to change in me, ideas came together in new ways to solve problems, and the little stories I had taken to writing became epic tales of good and evil, pages upon pages of elaborate plots with unusual twists and characters that people fell in love with. The Doctor and his adventures sparked the flame of my creativity, and each day it has grown and flourished into an inferno and the flurry of scribbling about yet another tale. But all this writing left me distracted from my school work, which wasn’t as good as it should have been in 11th grade as I branched out. I became VP of a school club and set up another outside of school, wrote and helped produce a play for my school, and started work on my as of yet incomplete novel. I was distracted, and tried to do too many things at once. I spread myself too thin and the wrong things suffered. Again the idea of traveling back in time appeared, this time with a new goal. If I could travel through time with the Doctor, ignoring all possibilities of paradoxes or anything else, just the simple concept of time travel, I’d go back to before High School and tell myself that yes, it’s important to write and be creative, but also to explore knowledge while it’s available, to work hard in school for a brighter future for myself. I’d tell myself everything I know now, that until I get out of school I need to crack down on the books and get my grades up. And I’d tell myself over and over the importance of it all, until the me of the past has the same epiphany as I had, the idea of balance between schoolwork and my writing. I wouldn’t let either one suffer, just find a path in the middle that let me do both equally well. All the self control and self motivation I have now would have served me very well back then, and it is my sincere hope that, despite my poor grades in the past, you can see me as I am now in the present, straining every fiber of my being to prove my worth and to push forwards into the future.

Maintaining A Balance Essays - Biology, Animal Physiology

Maintaining A Balance Most organisms are active in a limited temperature range Enzymes: Biological catalysts. A specific enzyme controls every reaction and process within a cell. Enzymes control all the chemical processes of living systems. Enzymes are proteins made up of amino acids that are linked and then folded to produce a three-dimensional protein structure. Most metabolic processes would not occur at an efficient rate without enzymes. One model used to illustrate the action of an enzyme is the lock-and-key model. Enzymes are unique to one substrate The enzyme combines with the substrate to form an enzyme-substrate molecule. This somehow alters the substrate so that a chemical reaction can occur. The substrate is then altered and no longer fits' the enzyme - the enzyme is released. -34290024193500 - Effect of temperature on enzymes: each has an optimum temperature for activity. High temperatures can denature enzymes. - Effect of pH on enzymes: each has an optimum pH (acidity level) for activity. Changing the pH from the optimum reduces the enzyme's activity. - Effect of substrate concentration on enzymes: substrate concentration means the amount of compound present that the enzymes catalyses. Beyond certain substrate concentrations, the rate of reaction is limited by the amount of enzyme. pH as a way of describing the acidity of a substance: A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions that are released by acids, therefore a way of describing the acidity of a substance. A pH value of 0-6 indicates an acid solution, a pH value of 8 - 14 indicates a basic (alkaline) solution. A pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution. Procedures to investigate the activity of an enzyme: Aim: to demonstrate the effect of increased temperature on the enzyme, rennin Method: make a rennin solution by dissolving a junket tablet in distilled water. Add the same amount of rennin solution to a number of test tubes of milk. Place test tubes in different water baths with different temperature ranges (0-60), making sure each water bath is kept at its allocated temperature. Time the interval between adding the rennin and curdling of the milk for each temperature. Results: The optimum temperature for curdling milk is 30-40 degrees. Anything above that optimum temperature will denature the rennin, preventing it from curdling the milk. Anything below the optimum temperature won't work as effectively. Maintenance of an optimal internal environment: Enzymes control all the metabolic processes in the body. Despite the internal and external changes occurring in the body, organisms need to maintain a constant internal environment for optimal metabolic efficiency. Enzymes work optimally in an environment where their optimum temperature and pH conditions are met. At temperatures and pH values other than the optimum, the enzymes fail to work as they should or not at all. The maintenance of an optimal internal environment is important for optimal enzyme efficiency. Homeostasis: The process by which organisms maintain their internal environment regardless of the external environmental conditions. Through homeostasis, organisms maintain an internal equilibrium by adjusting their physiological processes. Homeostasis ensures that the organism operates at maximum performance. To maintain homeostasis, this involves: A receptor: constantly monitors the internal environment, which may reflect the external environment A control centre: monitors the information passed on from the receptor An effector: carries the message from the control centre. Hypothalamus: the control centre for maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis as a two-stage process: Coordination in animals is controlled by two systems; the nervous system and the endocrine system A feedback mechanism is self-regulating, which maintains balance or homeostasis. For a state of homeostasis to exist, the body must have some way of detecting stimuli that indicate a change in the body's internal or external environment. - Stage 1 - Detecting changes from the stable state: A receptor detects a change in some variable in the organism's internal environment. If our body temperature rises, the temperature rise in the blood stimulates the brain's anterior hypothalamus. Alternatively, when a mammal is exposed to cold, skin receptors increase their activity, sending nerve impulses to the posterior hypothalamus. - Stage 2 - Counteracting changes from the stable state: An appropriate response occurs that counteracts the changes and thus maintains the stable environment. After detecting the rise in body temperature, the hypothalamus then stimulates heat loss by blood circulation through the skin, sweating and metabolic activity, thus

Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln A Great Leader

Abraham Lincoln - A great Leader In the year 1809, the future sixteenth president and the son of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks was born, and was named Abraham after his grandfather. He was born into a one room log cabin in Kentucky made form logs and clay, and it sat right on the hard cold earth, with just a fireplace on one wall to keep them warm. In 1811, at the age of two, Abraham and his family moved to Knob Creek, where he first learned to plant, husk corn, hoe, chop wood, and build hearth fires. Abe's first schooling came at the age of six, when his older sister, Sarah, brought him to the schoolhouse two miles down the road, where he learned to read, write and do arithmetic. Because there were no close neighbors during his earlier years in life, Abe got used to being alone, though he did not mind because of his fondness of nature and the outdoors. Even his later years as a politician, did he remember his knowledge of nature and of the differences in the trees that he passed by in Washington. In December of 1816, Thomas Lincoln moved the family to the backwoods of Indiana, but to get there they had to cut a trail themselves out of the wilderness in order to reach their destination. In the autumn of 1818 Abe's mother Nancy died from "milk sickness", and so young Sarah, who was only eleven, took over the chores of from her mother. A year later though, Thomas Lincoln found a second wife, in order to help around the house, named Sarah Bush Johnston, whom had three kids of her own. Abe and Sarah quickly grew to love their new stepmother, who kept an immaculate house and even pushed Abe to do his studies. At age eleven, Abe was to required to go to school regularly when there was a teacher, and whenever this was, Abe got to walk a beautiful four miles each way which he did not mind. Though his lifetime of schooling never amounted to more than a year, he was always reading, which kept him up at the pace of the oth... Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln A Great Leader Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln A Great Leader Abraham Lincoln - A great Leader In the year 1809, the future sixteenth president and the son of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks was born, and was named Abraham after his grandfather. He was born into a one room log cabin in Kentucky made form logs and clay, and it sat right on the hard cold earth, with just a fireplace on one wall to keep them warm. In 1811, at the age of two, Abraham and his family moved to Knob Creek, where he first learned to plant, husk corn, hoe, chop wood, and build hearth fires. Abe's first schooling came at the age of six, when his older sister, Sarah, brought him to the schoolhouse two miles down the road, where he learned to read, write and do arithmetic. Because there were no close neighbors during his earlier years in life, Abe got used to being alone, though he did not mind because of his fondness of nature and the outdoors. Even his later years as a politician, did he remember his knowledge of nature and of the differences in the trees that he passed by in Washington. In December of 1816, Thomas Lincoln moved the family to the backwoods of Indiana, but to get there they had to cut a trail themselves out of the wilderness in order to reach their destination. In the autumn of 1818 Abe's mother Nancy died from "milk sickness", and so young Sarah, who was only eleven, took over the chores of from her mother. A year later though, Thomas Lincoln found a second wife, in order to help around the house, named Sarah Bush Johnston, whom had three kids of her own. Abe and Sarah quickly grew to love their new stepmother, who kept an immaculate house and even pushed Abe to do his studies. At age eleven, Abe was to required to go to school regularly when there was a teacher, and whenever this was, Abe got to walk a beautiful four miles each way which he did not mind. Though his lifetime of schooling never amounted to more than a year, he was always reading, which kept him up at the pace of the oth...

Public Transportation in the UK Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Public Transportation in the UK - Article Example The fact that the value chain reflects upon the overall process of the business in a given industry as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) justifies the arguments in the previous sections that the information management system focusing on the ticketing and dynamic pricing will help accomplish efficient primary activity processing in the target market. From the arguments presented in this essay, it is clear that the efficiency in the railway industry is a critical element that is being affected by various macroeconomic factors. The PEST analysis also revealed that the railway industry possesses certain strengths like mass transportation, the geographical area covered, etc that can be used for the benefit of the business process itself. The SWOT analysis revealed that the efficiency in the target market can be increased through the efficient use of live finance information dynamically in order to fix the price for a certain journey between two given stations as argued by D ominic Fenn (2005). The review on the financial information system and the value chain also confirmed that the deployment of the system would not alter the system drastically but actually increase the operational efficiency of the system thus increasing the effectiveness of the system. Thus to conclude this report it is clear that the implementation of the Financial information system will help accomplish operational efficiency and increase the performance of the railway network as a whole.

International Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Economics - Essay Example As a substitute, the United Nations supports the use of special drawing rights (SDRs), a creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) – a proposal supported by Russia (Bryanski, 2009). The SDR is the designated international reserve asset that is the unit of payment on IMF loans; it has an advantage over the US dollar in that its valuation is calibrated against a basked of currencies, rather than on the currency of a single country. Preferably, however, the UN recommends the establishment of a new reserve system that is not based on just one or even several currencies, but should instead serve the need for stable international liquidity. In response, several European officials expressed their disagreement, citing the market as the ultimate determinant of which currencies countries would hold in reserve. Several have voiced the concern that political or administrative decisions cannot reformulate the world’s currency system (Vayrynen, in Charbonneau, 2010), and in the entire post-war period the currency exchange system had been based on the U.S. dollar (Sundaram, in Charbonneau, 2010). EU officials fear that any intervention by an administrative body into the workings of the market would just create additional problems and would make things even less predictable (Piebalgs, in Charbonneau, 2010). Some simply reject the idea of an artificial currency as the SDR as the reserve currency of the international financial system, stating that it is a non-starter because it is created by political decision making (Al-Jasser, in Kessler, 2009). Based on this scenario, some sectors have voiced the possibility that the yuan (or renminbi), the currency of China, may in the span of a decade gain the status of reserve currency and present itself as a suitable alternative to replace the U.S. dollar. Supporters cite the relative stability of the Yuan during the recent financial crisis, saying that it is a better holder of value than the dollar. This

What are the causes and effects of unemployment

What are the causes and effects of unemployment Unemployment  occurs when a person is able and willing to work but currently without  work.  The prevalence of unemployment is usually measured using the unemployment rate, which is defined as the percentage of those in the labour force  who are unemployed. The unemployment rate is also used in  economic  studies and economic  indices  such as the  United States  Conference Boards  Index of Leading Indicators  as a measure of the state of  macroeconomics. The causes of unemployment are disputed.  Keynesian economics  emphasizes unemployment resulting from insufficient effective demand  for goods and services in the economy (cyclical unemployment). Others point to structural problems and inefficiencies inherent in labour markets;  structural unemployment  involves mismatches between demand and supply of laborers with the necessary skill set, sometimes induced by  technologies  or  globalisation.  Classical  orneo classical economics  tends to reject these explanations, and focuses more on rigidities imposed on the labor market from the outside, such as unionization, minimum wage laws, taxes, and other regulations that may discourage the hiring of workers (classical unemployment). Yet others see unemployment as largely due to voluntary choices by the unemployed and the time it takes to find a new job (frictional unemployment).  Behavioral economics  highlights phenomena such as  sticky wages  and  efficie ncy wages  which may lead to unemployment. There is also disagreement on how exactly to measure unemployment. Different countries experience different levels of unemployment; traditionally, the  United States  tends to experience lower unemployment levels than countries in the  European Union,[2]  although there is some variation there, with countries like the  UK  and  Denmark  outperforming  Italy  and France  and it also changes over time (e.g. the  Great Depression) throughout  economic cycles. Types of unemployment Economists  distinguish between various  types of unemployment, including  cyclical unemployment,  frictional unemployment,  structural unemployment  and  classical unemployment. Some additional types of unemployment that are occasionally mentioned are seasonal unemployment, hardcore unemployment, and hidden unemployment. Real-world unemployment may combine different types. The magnitude of each of these is difficult to measure, partly because they overlap. Though there have been several definitions of  voluntary  and  involuntary  unemployment in the economics literature, a simple distinction is often applied. Voluntary unemployment is attributed to the individuals decisions, whereas involuntary unemployment exists because of the socio-economic environment (including the market structure, government intervention, and the level of aggregate demand) in which individuals operate. In these terms, much or most of  frictional unemployment  is voluntary, since it reflects individual search behaviour. On the other hand, cyclical unemployment, structural unemployment, and classical unemployment are largely involuntary in nature. However, the existence of structural unemployment may reflect choices made by the unemployed in the past, while classical (natural) unemployment may result from the legislative and economic choices made by labour unions and/or political parties. So in practice, the distinction between voluntary and involuntary unemployment is hard to draw. The clearest cases of involuntary unemployment are those where there are fewer job vacancies than unemployed workers even when wages are allowed to adjust, so that even if all vacancies were to be filled, there would be unemployed workers. This is the case of cyclical unemployment, for which macroeconomic forces lead to microeconomic unemployment. Frictional unemployment Frictional unemployment  is the time period between jobs when a worker moves from one job to another. Frictional unemployment is an example of a productive part of the  economy, increasing both the workers long term  welfare  and  economic efficiency, and is also a type of  voluntary unemployment. Frictional unemployment is always present in an economy, so the level of involuntary unemployment is properly the unemployment rate minus the rate of frictional unemployment, which means that increases or decreases in unemployment are normally under-represented in the simple statistics. Classical unemployment Classical or real-wage unemployment occurs when real wages for a job are set above the market-clearing level, causing the number of job-seekers to exceed the number of vacancies. Libertarian economists like  F.A. Hayek  argued that unemployment increases the more the government intervenes into the economy to try to improve the conditions of those with jobs. For example,  minimum wage  laws raise the cost of labourers with few skills to above the market equilibrium, resulting in people who wish to work at the going rate but cannot as wage enforced is greater than their value as workers becoming unemployed.  They believed that laws restricting layoffs made businesses less likely to hire in the first place, as hiring becomes more risky, leaving many young people unemployed and unable to find work. Some, such as  Murray Rothbard,  suggest that even social taboos can prevent wages from falling to the market clearing level. Some economists theorize that this type of unemployment can be reduced by increasing the flexibility of wages (e.g., abolishing minimum wages or employee protection), to make the labor market more like a financial market Cyclical or Keynesian unemployment Cyclical or  Keynesian  unemployment, also known as deficient-demand unemployment, occurs when there is not enough aggregate demand in the economy. It gets its name because it varies with the  business cycle, though it can also be persistent, as during the  Great Depression  of the 1930s. Cyclical unemployment is caused by a  business cycle  recession, and wages not falling to meet the equilibrium level. Cyclical unemployment rises during economic downturns and falls when the economy improves. Keynesians argue that this type of unemployment exists due to inadequate effective  aggregate demand. Demand for most goods and services falls, less production is needed and consequently fewer workers are needed, wages do not fall to meet the equilibrium level, and mass unemployment results. Some consider this type of unemployment one type of frictional unemployment in which factors causing the friction are partially caused by some cyclical variables. For example, a surprise decrease in the money supply may shock participants in society. With cyclical unemployment, the number of unemployed workers exceeds the number of job vacancies, so that if even all open jobs were filled, some workers would remain unemployed. This kind of unemployment coincides with unused industrial capacity (unemployed capital goods).  Keynesian  economists see it as possibly being solved by government  deficit spending or by expansionary  monetary policy, which aims to increase non-governmental spending by lowering  interest rates. In contrast,  Austrian economists  argue that government spending and policies are the root cause of economic cycles and cyclical unemployment and should be reformed or removed. Classical economics  rejects the conception of cyclical unemployment, seeing the attainment of full employment of resources and potential output as the normal state of affairs. Structural unemployment Structural unemployment  occurs when a labor market is unable to provide jobs for everyone who wants one because there is a mismatch between the skills of the unemployed workers and the skills needed for the available jobs.[10] Structural unemployment is hard to separate empirically from frictional unemployment, except to say that it lasts longer. As with frictional unemployment, simple demand-side stimulus will not work to easily abolish this type of unemployment. Structural unemployment may also be encouraged to rise by persistent cyclical unemployment: if an economy suffers from long-lasting low aggregate demand, it means that many of the unemployed become disheartened, while their skills (including  job-searching  skills) become rusty and obsolete. Problems with debt may lead to  homelessness  and a fall into the vicious circle of  poverty. This means that they may not fit the job vacancies that are created when the economy recovers. Some economists see this scenario as occurring under British Prime Minister  Margaret Thatcher  during the 1970s and 1980s. The implication is that sustained  high  demand may  lower  structural unemployment. This theory of persistence in structural unemployment has been referred to as an example of  path dependence  or hysteresis. Much  technological unemployment  (e.g. due to the replacement of workers by machines) might be counted as structural unemployment. Alternatively, technological unemployment might refer to the way in which steady increases in labor productivity mean that fewer workers are needed to produce the same level of output every year. The fact that aggregate demand can be raised to deal with this problem suggests that this problem is instead one of cyclical unemployment. As indicated by  Okuns Law, the demand side must grow sufficiently quickly to absorb not only the growing labor force but also the workers made redundant by increased labor productivity. Otherwise, we see a  jobless recovery  such as those seen in the United States in both the early 1990s and the early 2000s. Seasonal unemployment may be seen as a kind of structural unemployment, since it is a type of unemployment that is linked to certain kinds of  jobs  (construction work, migratory farm work). The most-cited official unemployment measures erase this kind of unemployment from the statistics using seasonal adjustment techniques. Long-term unemployment This is normally defined, for instance in  European Union  statistics, as unemployment lasting for longer than one year. It is an important indicator of  social exclusion. Hidden unemployment Hidden, or covered, unemployment is the unemployment of potential workers that is not reflected in official unemployment statistics, due to the way the statistics are collected. In many countries only those who have no work but are actively looking for work (and/or qualifying for social security benefits) are counted as unemployed. Those who have given up looking for work (and sometimes those who are on Government retraining programmes) are not officially counted among the unemployed, even though they are not employed. The same applies to those who have taken  early retirement  to avoid being laid off, but would prefer to be working. The statistic also does not count the underemployed those with part time or seasonal jobs who would rather have full time jobs. Because of hidden unemployment, official statistics often underestimate unemployment rates. Full employment. In demand-based theory, it is possible to abolish cyclical unemployment by increasing the aggregate demand for products and workers. However, eventually the economy hits an inflation barrier imposed by the four other kinds of unemployment to the extent that they exist. Some demand theory economists see the inflation barrier as corresponding to the  natural rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment is defined as the rate of unemployment that exists when the labor market is in equilibrium and there is pressure for neither rising inflation rates nor falling inflation rates. An alternative technical term for this rate is the  NAIRU  or the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment. No matter what its name, demand theory holds that this means that if the unemployment rate gets too low, inflation will get worse and worse (accelerate) in the absence of wage and price controls (incomes policies). One of the major problems with the  NAIRU  theory is that no one knows exactly what the NAIRU is (while it clearly changes over time). The margin of error can be quite high relative to the actual unemployment rate, making it hard to use the NAIRU in policy-making. Another, normative, definition of full employment might be called the  ideal  unemployment rate. It would exclude all types of unemployment that represent forms of inefficiency. This type of full employment unemployment would correspond to only frictional unemployment (excluding that part encouraging the  McJobs  management strategy) and would thus be very low. However, it would be impossible to attain this full-employment target using only demand-side  Keynesian  stimulus without getting below the  NAIRU  and suffering from accelerating inflation (absent incomes policies). Training programs aimed at fighting structural unemployment would help here. To the extent that hidden unemployment exists, it implies that official unemployment statistics provide a poor guide to what unemployment rate coincides with full employment. Causes of unemployment. Causes of frictional unemployment Frictional unemployment may be a result of the following reasons: Mobility of labour: People generally seek another job either because they are fired from the existing job or because they are they want to get a better job. In the transition period they are unemployed. Expansion of the Labour force Every year more and more individuals join the labor force. During the phase of their job search they are unemployed.   Many economists have termed frictional unemployment a sign of economic well being. Frictional unemployment can exist only in a fast growing economy where the labor force is expanding, mobile, flexible and adaptable.  People generally seek another job either because they are fired from the existing job or because they are they want to get a better job. In the transition period they are unemployed. Expansion of the Labour force Every year more and more individuals join the labor force. During the phase of their job search they are unemployed.   Many economists have termed frictional unemployment a sign of economic well being. Frictional unemployment can exist only in a fast growing economy where the labor force is expanding, mobile, flexible and adaptable.   Labour mobility In the presence of perfect information and mobility of labor, people out of job can easily find in an industry, which is in need of labor. This way, structural unemployment may be reduced. Structure of the regional economy If certain industries are closing down then it may so happen that industries may get concentrated in a certain part of the nation. This may make employment difficult and increase the resulting structural unemployment.   High Gross Domestic Product, it is seen, is not indicative of a low structural unemployment : The main reason for the high level of unemployment is technological progress. Dont get me wrong; progress is good and it makes life easier. But if every year we produce the same amount of goods with fewer people in a few years far less working hours are needed to produce all the goods that are required. The historical trend has been to use less and less working hours per week.  If  we do  not  continue this trend, the supply of working hours is greater than the demand. An  oversupply  of working hours means they are worth less, wages and salaries get reduced. Also many persons are out of work; their working hours are no longer needed. Those that are out of work have no income and therefore  the demand for goods  goes down. With fewer sales, less gets produced, more persons are laid off. This is a vicious circle that accelerates unemployment and produces crime; because some will turn to crime to obtain income . Causes Of Unemployment In Pakistan: Economy of an individual is at the utmost priority of every democratic as well as welfare state. Since the dawn of human history, individual needs have been prioritized by every human being. These individual needs can be met by proper sources of employment. After the transformation of the world from a feudal to an industrial society, the needs of an individual have risen sharply, giving due importance to finance.In Pakistan, due to gigantic rise in population, individual finances have been disturbed a lot. This is because of rising unemployment. The major cause of unemployment in Pakistan are following. The first cause of unemployment or joblessness  in Pakistan is worsening law and order situation. Owing to this negative social phenomenon, foreign direct investment is sliding down to the bottom. According to the economic survey of Pakistan, in the current decade FDI was minimum last year.Also investors are loosing confidence in the political and economic system of the country therefore they are reluctant to invest in any new business venture. Resultantly, new jobs are not generating while the job seekers are rising continuously in the country. Secondly, Agriculture is account for the maximum job provision in the country. Agriculture sector is facing severe challenges of water shortage, climatic changes and technological backwardness in recent years. These factors have hit the per acre yield negatively which caused loosing of jobs of several people. In 2009-10, agriculture showed a growth of only 2% against the target of 3.8% while nearly 62% of Pakistan population is living in rural areas, and is directly or indirectly linked with agriculture for their livelihood. Thirdly, Industry is also a heaven for educated as well as semi-educated labour force in the country. Pakistan industry is short listing its labour because of gradual decrease in demand as well as acute energy shortage. Energy shortfall crosses 5500 MW at time causing severe damage to production capacity. Fourthly, World economic depression coupled with American war against Terror has also put negative impacts on our economy. It has not only doubled our expenditures on military front but also defaced Pakistans image in international arena. These factors have put international investment in Pakistan at risk. Therefore, Pakistan is not attracting new investment causing unemployment in the country. Fifthly,  United States of America spent 368 billion in 2007 on research and development whereas Pakistans attention towards this sector is the least. By spending on education and research, we can create more specialized fields thus generating more jobs. In the 2010 budget, Pakistan has earmarked only 2% of its GDP on education which is the lowest in whole of the region. Sixthly, Population increase is also a cause of unemployment in Pakistan. Till 2010, Pakistans population is 173.54 million wheras most of the population is unable to survive in the financial race because of illiteracy. In Spite of these factors poor governance, deep rooted corruption, faulty educational system, lack of quality educational institutions and feudalism are also aggravating the situation further. Finally, we can hold the government responsible for the its poor performance in financial sector. Poor governance have marred the performance of our economic sector by every side and government has taken only cosmetic measures to redress the problem. Dr. Ishrat Hussain suggestions to improve the governance  have been put  on the backburner. Economy of an individual is at the utmost priority of every democratic as well as welfare state. Since the dawn of human history, individual needs have been prioritized by every human being. These individual needs can be met by proper sources of employment. After the transformation of the world from a feudal to an industrial society, the needs of an individual have risen sharply, giving due importance to finance.In Pakistan, due to gigantic rise in population, individual finances have been disturbed a lot. This is because of rising unemployment. The major cause of unemployment in Pakistan are following. The first cause of unemployment or joblessness  in Pakistan is worsening law and order situation. Owing to this negative social phenomenon, foreign direct investment is sliding down to the bottom. According to the economic survey of Pakistan, in the current decade FDI was minimum last year.Also investors are loosing confidence in the political and economic system of the country therefore they are reluctant to invest in any new business venture. Resultantly, new jobs are not generating while the job seekers are rising continuously in the country. Secondly, Agriculture is account for the maximum job provision in the country. Agriculture sector is facing severe challenges of water shortage, climatic changes and technological backwardness in recent years. These factors have hit the per acre yield negatively which caused loosing of jobs of several people. In 2009-10, agriculture showed a growth of only 2% against the target of 3.8% while nearly 62% of Pakistan population is living in rural areas, and is directly or indirectly linked with agriculture for their livelihood. Thirdly, Industry is also a heaven for educated as well as semi-educated labour force in the country. Pakistan industry is short listing its labour because of gradual decrease in demand as well as acute energy shortage. Energy shortfall crosses 5500 MW at time causing severe damage to production capacity. Fourthly, World economic depression coupled with American war against Terror has also put negative impacts on our economy. It has not only doubled our expenditures on military front but also defaced Pakistans image in international arena. These factors have put international investment in Pakistan at risk. Therefore, Pakistan is not attracting new investment causing unemployment in the country. Fifthly,  United States of America spent 368 billion in 2007 on research and development whereas Pakistans attention towards this sector is the least. By spending on education and research, we can create more specialized fields thus generating more jobs. In the 2010 budget, Pakistan has earmarked only 2% of its GDP on education which is the lowest in whole of the region. Sixthly, Population increase is also a cause of unemployment in Pakistan. Till 2010, Pakistans population is 173.54 million wheras most of the population is unable to survive in the financial race because of illiteracy. In Spite of these factors poor governance, deep rooted corruption, faulty educational system, lack of quality educational institutions and feudalism are also aggravating the situation further. Finally, we can hold the government responsible for the its poor performance in financial sector. Poor governance have marred the performance of our economic sector by every side and government has taken only cosmetic measures to redress the problem. Dr. Ishrat Hussain suggestions to improve the governance  have been put  on the backburner. Five steps to helping Pakistans educated unemployed: While the problem of individuals who are highly educated but unemployed can be found around the world, the situation in Pakistan is particularly dire and urgent: in 1994, nearly half of the unemployed in Pakistan were educated. This form of unemployment is not only expensive, since it wastes valuable education dollars, it is also socially disruptive. Jobless but educated youth often become hopeless for any kind of future in Pakistan, or in a growing number of cases, become part of the brain drain and leave for countries in industrialized nations where there are more employment opportunities. Part of the problem is the lack of emphasis on vocational and technical training and too much stress on abstract knowledge. In Pakistan, about 323,000 students pass the matriculation exam yearly. Out of these students, it is estimated that over half will choose post-secondary education and only 20 percent will seek vocational training or business education. Of those who choose the path to higher education, the majority enter the general bachelors and masters degree programs with little to no career counseling. This is explained by the fact that the state provides a 91 percent subsidy to higher education while recovering only nine percent of the total cost through fees. Therefore, it is very easy to obtain higher academic education in Pakistan. The problem though is that this education does not teach skills that will be marketable in the job market after graduation, thus creating a mismatch between the degrees students earn and the jobs available to them, especially in the private sector. The other option is to seek employment with the government. This too, however, is problematic, since regional quotas and financial constraints make the pool of jobs possibly even smaller than in the private sector. As for those who enter the job market right after high school, studies indicate that only two-thirds of them are able to find jobs, while the rest continue to be unemployed. In addition, 20,000 to 30,000 intermediate-level students fail to find jobs each year. However, even in faculties that offer technical training, the skills taught are sorely lacking. One example is in the sciences. Only one-quarter of matriculating students pursue further education in science. Among those who decide to pursue a career in engineering, the only option the Pakistani Universities of Engineering and Technology make available is a Bachelors of Science in engineering. That means these schools act as engineering colleges rather than universities, by churning out graduates with a bachelors degree level education and completely ignoring post-graduate training. To make the problem worse, there is an too much emphasis on traditional areas like civil, mechanical and electrical engineering, while areas like computer and software engineering, which offer more opportunities, are generally ignored. This deals a nasty blow to young, bright students who have the interest and intelligence to succeed in such fields which are more likely to provide the promise of a job than in the traditional domains of engineering. To bridge the yawning gap between qualified Pakistanis and the countrys job market, a number of urgent steps need to be taken to reform the educational system. Here are five that can help: 1. After students pass the Matriculation level, they should be required to take a National Aptitude. This will create two streams of students. One will include those students who will pursue general education and the other technical/vocational training. This is why the test must be designed to identify students with an aptitude for technical work so that a larger number of youth can be directed towards training programs and apprenticeship schemes. 2. Students who pursue higher university education should be more focused on research. Only the brightest and the most talented students who show an aptitude for scholarly research should be encouraged to choose higher university education. 3. Employment in the public sector should not be based on quotas, but rather on merit. 4. There must be career counseling and guidance provided to youth, so that trained experts can share their knowledge and help steer the next generation to fields that will benefit them and the country. 5. The Pakistani government should conduct labor market surveys to provide students with information about job prospects, labor market requirements and job descriptions. Armed with this information, students will be able to make better choices for their future. Rate Of unemployment in Pakistan: Differnce between the two previous governments Efforts Made By Government: GOVT PURSUING POLICIES TO REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT: PAKISTANI PM GILANI ISLAMABAD, Mar 4 (NNN-APP) Prime Minister Syed Yusuf Raza Gilani has said that the government has devised a comprehensive policy for achieving sustainable economic growth. Addressing participants of the 92nd National Management Course here Wednesday, he said the government has designed its polices keeping in view the objective to reduce poverty, unemployment and meet the targets set out in Millennium Development Goals. He said the effective policy implementation to stabilize the country?s economy met with success in arresting the downward trend and the difficulties in this regard had been largely contained. It is heartening to note that all economic indicators are now showing positive trend, he added. ? Governance is a shared responsibility of all the state institutions at all levels and the people can only be satisfied when their needs and problems are resolved at their doorstep,? he said adding this required coordination and harmonious relationship among all the institutions with the objective to serve the common man. He underlined the need for every institution to function within its own ambit and discharge its responsibilities with sincerity of purpose. Gilani said the concept of good governance has gained much importance in the present day where the public representatives implement an agenda which has the backing of mandate. The key role in this regard is played by the civil servants as they are entrusted with the role of policy inputs and implementation of government?s initiatives, he added. He said best practices and success stories from the private sector and the civil society have to be incorporated in the government?s working. Motivation and initiatives are incentives of proper service delivery at the grassroots level. Similarly, the efficiency of the government agenda is based on the quality of governance, he observed. If good governance is lacking the system becomes dysfunctional and service delivery is unattainable. Inculcation of a spirit of public service must be the hallmark of your professional approach while discharging responsibilities at different government positions, he commented. Gilani said primary responsibility as state functionaries is to perform duty with integrity, justice and honesty. He quoted from the address of Quaid-e-Azam to the gazetted officers on 25th March, 1948: ?Of course you must be loyal to the Government that is in power. The second point is that of your conduct and dealings with the people in various departments, in which you may be: wipe off that past reputation; you are not rulers. You do not belong to the ruling class; you belong to the servants. Make the people feel that you are their servants and friends, maintain the highest standard of honour, integrity, justice and fair-play. If you do that, people will have confidence and trust in you and will look upon you as friends and well wishers?.   The Prime Minister said the government is striving for a democratic, prosperous and progressive Pakistan which is the anchor of peace and stability for the entire South Asian region. ?Every country has its unique features, which require indigenous solutions. In our case too, we need to solve our problems by devising solutions according to our own conditions. That is where the role of civil servant is most crucial,? he added. He said it is important that outdated and obstructive rules and regulations are revisited from time to time. The implementation level of public policies itself is a big challenge before the civil servants. He said policies are formulated with zeal and enthusiasm but at times their implementation is too slow or delayed and thereby the original purpose of the agenda is either lost or becomes irrelevant. He said the government is committed to improving the capabilities of the civil servants to become responsive in delivering basic public services to the common citizens in an effi

psycho :: essays research papers

Universal Studios presents the 1960 film â€Å"Psycho† by Alfred Hitchcock, adapted from the Robert Bloch novel by Joseph Stephano, and scored by Bernard Hermann. The film stars Anthony Perkins, Vera Miles, Janet Leigh, and a very creepy house. This film falling under the horror genre was based loosely on the novel of the same name which drew inspiration from real life serial killer Ed Gein, who has been the motivation for two other popular movies, â€Å"The Silence of the Lambs† and â€Å"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre†. The budget for â€Å"Psycho† ran under one million dollars and was the last film on Alfred Hitchcock’s contract with Universal. The film was shot entirely on set at Universal studios except for an early shot of Marion Crane’s (Janet Leigh) vehicle parked on the side of the road when she was too tired to continue driving, as well as the car dealership. Due to the budget constraints the films crew were made up of mostly people w ho were working on the, â€Å"Alfred Hitchcock Presents† television show. The film is about a man named Norman Bates, who runs a motel owned by his family. Norman is a victim of his ill mothers love. His mother becomes violent when Norman’s attention has been detracted from her needs. This film is a study of character, suspense, and storytelling; all reasons this film is considered an American classic. This film is unique due to several factors: its presentation, it contained two different point of views (with an interpreted third point of view), and it has some of the most impressive camera work for its time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Psycho† contains many symbols and techniques that pushed the limit of acceptable filmmaking in the 1960’s. The violence had to be tamed in such a way that the audience would not be robbed of the experience. Hitchcock accomplished this by making the film in black and white. Not only did it aid him on the monetary front, but he felt the studio and the audience would be able to handle the graphic nature of the film with this technique. I’ve interpreted the use of black and white as a tool as to not draw attention away from the focal point of the scenes. Without visual distraction, the viewer becomes more attached to each character. Another visual technique is the continuing motif of taxidermy. The characters discuss it briefly, there are some cutaway shots of the animals, but it is mostly left up to the viewer to infer the purpose of the visuals.

Disadvantages of Fdi Essay

Disadvantages of Foreign Direct Investment The disadvantages of foreign direct investment occur mostly in case of matters related to operation, distribution of the profits made on the investment and the personnel. One of the most indirect disadvantages of foreign direct investment is that the economically backward section of the host country is always inconvenienced when the stream of foreign direct investment is negatively affected. The situations in countries like Ireland, Singapore, Chile and China corroborate such an opinion. It is normally the responsibility of the host country to limit the extent of impact that may be made by the foreign direct investment. They should be making sure that the entities that are making the foreign direct investment in their country adhere to the environmental, governance and social regulations that have been laid down in the country. The various disadvantages of foreign direct investment are understood where the host country has some sort of national secret – something that is not meant to be disclosed to the rest of the world. It has been observed that the defense of a country has faced risks as a result of the foreign direct investment in the country. At times it has been observed that certain foreign policies are adopted that are not appreciated by the workers of the recipient country. Foreign direct investment, at times, is also disadvantageous for the ones who are making the investment themselves. Foreign direct investment may entail high travel and communications expenses. The differences of language and culture that exist between the country of the investor and the host country could also pose problems in case of foreign direct investment. Yet another major disadvantage of foreign direct investment is that there is a chance that a company may lose out on its ownership to an overseas company. This has often caused many companies to approach foreign direct investment with a certain amount of caution. At times it has been observed that there is considerable instability in a particular geographical region. This causes a lot of inconvenience to the investor. The size of the market, as well as, the condition of the host country could be important factors in the case of the foreign direct investment. In case the host country is not well connected with their more advanced neighbors, it poses a lot of challenge for the investors. At times it has been observed that the governments of the host country are facing problems with foreign direct investment. It has less control over the functioning of the company that is functioning as the wholly owned subsidiary of an overseas company. This leads to serious issues. The investor does not have to be completely obedient to the economic policies of the country where they have invested the money. At times there have been adverse effects of foreign direct investment on the balance of payments of a country. Even in view of the various disadvantages of foreign direct investment it may be said that foreign direct investment has played an important role in shaping the economic fortunes of a number of countries around the world.

Business Plan - 2471 Words

FORM : 104/01-F05/INT/LTN REV : 0 INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI PERTAMA Programme Name Module Name Module Leader Name Internal Verifier Name FOUNDATION IN BUSINESS BUSINESS MATHEMATICS Module Code Assessment Type / Reference No. Lead Officer (Assessment Committee) Student Identification IC/Passport No. I hereby certify that this assignment is my own work and where materials have been used from other resources, they have been properly acknowledged. I also understand I will face the possibility of failing the module if the content of this assignment are plagiarized. Signed: ________________________ ï‚ · Outcome(s) / Assessment Criteria covered ï‚ · Date: _________________ PMT 1353 ASSIGNMENT MR LEE HAR SAN Ms NG SIEW FENG MR LEE HAR SAN Student†¦show more content†¦Breakdown of assessment criteria (b) Weight (%) A B (c) Range of achievement (ïÆ' ¼) C D F (d) Marks Awarded (%) (e) Weighted Marks (b) x (d) 1 2 Show working and find out the nth term and sum of the nth term for 8% arithmetic sequences. Able to find the nth depreciation accumulated depreciation and book 8% value. Show working and find out the nth term and sum of the nth term for 8% geometric sequences. Able to show working and find the simple interest and simple amount. 9% Able to use correct formula and show working to find out the 9% principle, interest rate and investment period. Use correct formula and show working to find out simple interest 8% with 4 basic concepts. Able to calculate future values with different frequency of conversions 14% Able to use correct formula and show working to find future value 13% by using simple interest and compound interest Able to use correct formula and show working to find present and 15% future value in annuities. Able to solve the â€Å"R†, â€Å"n†, and â€Å"I† for the annuities. 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