Benjamin s Philosophy Of Language And Translation

Benjamin’s Philosophy of Language and Translation Walter Benjamin’s (1892-1940) thoughts and philosophy of language and translation are haunted by ghost and influenced by Kabbalah, the Jewish mystical tradition. This can be seen in his magna opera: On Language as Such and on the Language of Man (1916) and The Task of the Translator (1923). The former essay deals directly with the linguistic theory; the latter is concerned with the translation theory as a form of art. Benjamin’s inspiration comes from both the death of his close friend Christoph Friedrich Heinle (1894-1914) and Kabbalah. Benjamin’s writing underwent a change after Heinle’s death in 1914. His suicide at nineteen years of age was incredibly traumatic for Benjamin. Benjamin†¦show more content†¦For Scholem, â€Å"Kabbalah was not just another theory of language but an extraordinary opening up within Jewish tradition of the notion of revelation† (Handelman 18). Not surprisingly, Benjamin and Scholem believe that language has a divine origin and the experience of revelation is a linguistic one. Benjamin finds another source of Kabbalistic insight in the writings of Abraham Abulafia (1240-1291), who is considered the most remarkable figure in the prophetic Kabbalah. He is best known for his magnum opus, â€Å"The Science of Combination of Letters.† Abulafia develops a theory of mystical contemplation of letters and their configurations, â€Å"as they constitute of God’s name†¦the name of God which is something absolute, because it reflects the hidden me aning of the totality of existence; the name through which everything else acquires its meaning† (Wolin 40). According to Abulafia’s theory, all things exist only by virtue of their degree of participation in the Great Name of God, which manifests itself through the whole creation (40). This suggests that language is not merely a communication tool but goes beyond that to somehow participate in the divine nature, wherein it serves as the vital link between man and God. Based on the Biblical teaching of creation, Kabbalistic doctrine regards divine language as â€Å"a substance of reality.† God created the world through language. Thus, the ultimate origin for all being belongs to the language of God. Divine languageShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Task Of The Translator 1924 Words   |  8 Pagesshattered. (84) However, while ancient history no doubt plays a part in this interest in Ireland s ancient genealogy, the act of translation plays an – at least- equally integral part. And in The Task of the Translator, Walter Benjamin touches upon aspects of translation that would seem to make translation itself an ideal metaphor for cultural exploration. Benjamin posits translation as an almost organic, evolutionary aspect of some literary works. The original literary text, he contendsRead More`` Wise Men Learn By Other s Harms : Fools By Their Own Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesVance 28 November 2016 Poor Richard’s Almanac â€Å"Wise men learn by other’s harms; fools by their own† (Franklin). Benjamin Franklin insists that wise people learn from others and their mistakes while fools learn from their personal understandings. The purpose of Poor Richard’s Almanac was to teach people things from another person’s experiences. Poor Richard’s Almanac was written by Benjamin Franklin under the pseudonym of Richard Saunders. It was written as a yearly published almanac in 1732 and wasRead MoreCommunication And Conflict Resolution For Criminal Justice1340 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon of cultural invasion is the result of aggression by firearm and economic. I disagree with that theory because to me, culture is peace, culture is not aggression. The integration of cultural aspects is the process of people finding a common language for a common life. The concept of cultural invasion is the notion of the community who have experienced only formed in relations, development and the experience of war, especially the Cold War. In the Western culture homes of Americans, British,Read MoreTo What Extent Does Language Influence Thought? Essay2740 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Language shapes the way we think, and determines what we can think about.† – Benjamin Lee Whorf Introduction The idea that language affects the way we remember things and the way we perceive the world was first introduced by the influential linguists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf (Harley, 2008). The central idea of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, today more commonly known as the linguistic relativity hypothesis, holds that â€Å"each language embodies a worldview, with quite different languagesRead MoreAnalysis Of Sapir Whorf And Benjamin Lee Whorf1867 Words   |  8 Pagesthat which we perceive from our world and experiences is directly dependent on the utterances of the spoken word. In other words, all thought is highly dependent upon what is encoded in language. The linguists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf, a student of Sapir, worked extensively on Native American languages and cultures during the early decades of the twentieth century. They were extremely interested in why perceptions of what we might term universal phenomena, such as time and space, differedRead MoreAbstract: Culture6941 Words   |  28 Pagestexts. As translation by humans is based on understanding, the translator needs knowledge in order to detect cultural aspects. This is possible by putting down implicit cultural references to certain structures on the text level. Cultural elements appear in the text on all levels – from the concept and form of words, to the sentence and text structure, to pragmatics. Examples for the various appearances are presented in the first part of the paper. The second part discusses translation as a writingRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesAwakening†Ã¯ ¼Ë†Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¨ §â€°Ã©â€ â€™Ã¨ ¿ Ã¥Å  ¨, 1730s-1740s) Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Olaudah Equiano (1745?-1797) Philip Freneau (1752-1832) Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) Hannah Webster Foster (1758-1840) Enlightenment and establishment of the nation Benjamin Franklin a second-generation immigrant of English descendent Writer, printer, publisher, scientist, statesman, and diplomat, he was the most famous and respected private figure of his time. Benjamin Franklin recordedRead MorePeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 PagesII.1. The Language of Political Correctness 15 II.2. Obscurity, Officialese,Jornalese, Commercialese 20 II.3. Vogue Words 24 II.4. Woolliness 27 II.5. Euphemisms Used in Different Spheres of Our Life 29 CHAPTER III. TRANSLATION OF EUPHEMISMS 34 III.1. Grammatical Difficulties in Translation 34 III.2. Lexical Difficulties in Translation of Euphemisms 36 III.3. Stylistic difficulties in translation of euphemisms 41 III.4. Terrorism and war articles in translation of euphemismsRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pagescomplete scientific system. Despite this the book does have a definite unity. This will be found in the sequence of the essays, which for this reason are best read in the order proposed. However, it would perhaps be advisable for readers unversed in philosophy to put off the chapter on reification to the very end. A few words of explanation — superfluous for many readers perhaps — are due for the prominence given in these pages to the presentation, interpretation and, discussion of the theories of RosaRead MoreConsumer Buying Behaviour of Magazines7993 Words   |  32 PagesCirculation in India is Dainik Jagran, having near about Two million readers. Next comes Times of India, an English newspaper, followed by Dainik Bhaskar, another Hindi Newspaper. India has a lot of regional newspapers and magazines as well in a lot of languages. Therefore there is something out there for everyone to read! This section is dedicated to the Indian Print media with articles on Newspapers, Magazines, Controversies and opinions related to them etc. We hope you have a good time browsing through

Cipp Model of Evaluating a Curriculum - 1502 Words

CIPP Model of Evaluation The CIPP model was developed by Stufflebeam (1983) to evaluate curriculums through Context, Input, Process, and Product. The Context defines the operation within which the curriculum will be delivered. It determines the specific characteristics of the learners. Most importantly, it helps to establish a rationale for the determination of the curriculum objectives. In evaluation the context is used to define the environment relevant to the curriculum, describing the actual and intended conditions of the program, identifying unmet needs, and diagnosing barriers that prevent needs from being met. Input identifies and assesses the capabilities, strategies, and designs available for implementing the curriculum as†¦show more content†¦The learning styles of each student will differ but from the activities preformed by the teacher and fellow students to further understand the content the students will grasp the new information than if it were just â€Å"wrote learning†. The students become motivated when activities are introduced to the lesson. Some students may live in homes where they are not able to get information for projects which pertain to the lesson and the teachers make arrangements to accommodate these students. The student’s existing knowledge is that of life experience and when they are explained in class the students not have the capability to take the new knowledge and assimilate it with the old knowledge to form new schemes. The aims of the lessons are suitable to the levels in which they are specifically proposed. The objectives, specific to the lesson whether it be senses or space and time or enquiries, are derived from and complement these aims effectively. The course is very clearly defined and the knowledge skills and attitudes match each student’s ability to cope with the content of the lesson. The content of the lesson is appropriate to the age group in which it will be taught and is relevant to real life situations and experiences which makes it easier for the students to develop problem solving skills. The resources and equipment needed will be to further impart knowledge on the students such as field trips, charts, pictures, and experiments. The teachers and theShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Program Evaluation and Three Evaluation Models1606 Words   |  7 Pages(2000), defines curriculum as all the experiences that individual learners have in a programme of education whose purpose is to achieve broad goals and related specific objects, which is planned in terms of a framework of theory, or past and present professional practise. Today, it is the responsibility of educational institutions to teach an infinite variety of human beings, differing in interests, abilities and experiences. Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum helps studentRead MoreCurriculum Evaluation2423 Words   |  10 PagesABSTRACT Prospective student teachers were required to choose a curriculum document from either the primary or secondary school sector for evaluation. They were required to conduct such an evaluation using the Daniel Stufflebeam’s CIPP (Context, Input, Process and Product) Model. The CIPP Model would be used to determine the usefulness of the curriculum in meeting the needs of the Trinidad and Tobago society. Based on possible weaknesses found in the document, prospective teachers were to offerRead MoreCurriculum Evaluation2429 Words   |  10 PagesABSTRACT Prospective student teachers were required to choose a curriculum document from either the primary or secondary school sector for evaluation. They were required to conduct such an evaluation using the Daniel Stufflebeam’s CIPP (Context, Input, Process and Product) Model. The CIPP Model would be used to determine the usefulness of the curriculum in meeting the needs of the Trinidad and Tobago society. Based on possible weaknesses found in the document, prospective teachers were toRead MoreSample Detailed Lesson Plan in English for First Year10155 Words   |  41 Pagesevaluation? How do users define or view the instruction using those learning objects? In what context? Should evaluation only address learning objects in the context of the instruction in which they are employed? Values. Several criteria for evaluating learning objects are emerging in the literature and more are likely to emerge. How should they play into any evaluation? Whos values do the technical standards represent? What are users values that are relevant to the learning objects? HowRead MoreEssay On Evaluation Models1000 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluation Models â€Å"The evaluation of a proposed technology must be very careful, considering and identifying all the factors that will affect the whole organization† (Bakouros, 2000, p.3). In the context of learning technology, program evaluations usually concern the educational value of innovations, or the pragmatics of introducing novel teaching techniques and resources Oliver (2000). This section will briefly discuss how to apply each type of the formentioned evaluation models in evaluating the useRead MoreThe Importance of Considering Philosophical and Psychological Foundations in Developing a Curriculum.9983 Words   |  40 Pagesof Allah, the most Gracious, the dispenser of Grace. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ( HMEF5073 ) Part A THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS IN DEVELOPING A CURRICULUM. A comprehensive view of the curriculum requires a consideration of the nature and needs of the individual, the aspirations and requirements of society, and the process by which the individual incorporates experience. As the study on curriculum is very wide, the audience chosen should be from all walksRead MoreCurriculum Development: Process10055 Words   |  41 PagesMODULE 5 Models in Curriculum Development INTRODUCTION Curriculum development is concerned with the drawing up of plans for teaching and learning activities in classroom situations that will bring about positive changes in the lives of the learners. It is based on the school’s mission and goals and identifies ways of translating these into a coherent and coordinated program of meaningful experiences and conditions eliciting responses that will lead to the transformation of the learnersRead MoreCurriculum Development: Process10044 Words   |  41 PagesMODULE 5 Models in Curriculum Development INTRODUCTION Curriculum development is concerned with the drawing up of plans for teaching and learning activities in classroom situations that will bring about positive changes in the lives of the learners. It is based on the school’s mission and goals and identifies ways of translating these into a coherent and coordinated program of meaningful experiences and conditions eliciting responses that will lead to the transformation of the learners intoRead MoreReaction Paper (Project Planning and Evaluation)4168 Words   |  17 Pagesreason for engaging in such study. Collective effort of those who are involved should also be urged to arrive at a solid decision and basis for engaging regularly in the planned activity. REPORT on TECHNICAL ANALYSIS Summary: Evaluating technical feasibility has to do with a large part of determining needed and existing resources. Technical Analysis should be done to conclude whether current technical resources can be upgraded in a manner that fulfills the demand. If existing systemsRead MoreCurriculum Development- Let Review9921 Words   |  40 PagesMODULE 1 CURRICULUM: CONCEPTS,NATURE AND PURPOSES Curriculum from Different Points of View 1. Traditional Points of View of Curriculum* â€Å"It is a body of subjects or subject matter prepared by the teachers for the students to learn†, and is synonymous to course of study and syllabus. *According to Robert Hutchins, curriculum is permanent study which emphasizes rules of grammar, reading, rhetoric and logic and mathematics needed for basic education which gives importance to the 3Rs

Critical Discourse Analysis Nursing

Question: Describe about the Critical Discourse Analysis for Nursing. Answer: Exercise 1 The old man must be suffering from obstructive sleep apnea and excessive day sleep disorder. The condition can occur at any age group however the risk is more in older and overweight people and people with family history of sleep apnea. Men have more chance of sleep apnea than women. Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when throat muscles are unable to keep the airway open. It causes low blood oxygen level and may lead to hypertension, heart disease, memory problems and risk of drowsy driving. Excessive sleepiness may also result in the possibility of idiopathic hypersomnia. Excessive sleepiness is cured by stimulant medications. People idiopathic hypersomnia should sleep more than normal people while using medications. Sleep study helps to diagnose sleep apnea. It monitors eye movement, respiratory effort, airflow, blood oxygen level, muscle activity and heart rate. Severity is determined by this study. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask is given to the severe patient. It blows air gently into the airway to keep it open during sleeping. Other treatment options include the use of dental appliances which reposition the lower jaw and tongue, upper airway surgery to remove tissue in the airway and using hypoglossal nerve stimulation. It monitors breathing patterns and stimulates the hypoglossal nerve to move the tongue to maintain the airway. I would recommend the client to make some lifestyle changes for improving symptoms of sleep apnea. To reduce the severity, the patient should try to lose weight, avoid alcohol; quick smoking and they should lie on sides instead of their backs(Sleepfoundation.org, 2016) Exercise 2: This teaching plan contains details on sexually transmitted disease (STD), and it will educate older adults about its symptoms, effect, treatment and prevention. The incidence of the sexually transmitted disease is increasing every year. This infection is spread through sexual contact and is caused by bacteria, parasite and viruses. The common type of STD includes HIV/AIDS, Gonorrhea, syphilis and many others. In the case of HIV/AIDS, 28% older population above 50 is living with AIDS. It is important to teach older people about reducing the number of individuals getting the infection and how it benefits the whole community. People above age 50 have same risk factors as young people, but they are not aware it. This is because they have diagnosed late and so there treatment also becomes delayed. They also suffer more immune system damages. It can lead to poor prognosis and shorter survival after HIV diagnosis (Milaszewski et al., 2012). To prevent a late diagnosis of disease, older people should monitor their symptoms and do not confuse it with normal ageing symptoms. Many older people are sexually active and lack knowledge about HIV and how to prevent transmission. To reduce the number of incidences, following action needs to be taken: Increase surveillance among older people and maximize HIV prevention methods. Older people should be made aware of ways to prevent themselves and others from infection. They needed to be educated about HIV and discouraged to do any activity that lets HIV infected fluid (blood, semen, vaginal secretion and breast milk) to enter into a person body. Since older people may be sexually active, they should be taught to use a condom every time they have sex to prevent HIV transmission. Those who are at high risk should use combination drug Emtricitabine-Tenofovir (Truvada) to reduce the possibility of transmission. The Older patient should tell their partners if they have HIV and should be aware of their HIV status. People should always be cautious when using needles for injecting drugs, and they should check that it is sterile and unused. Screening for HIV should be encouraged in all age groups (Cahill Valadz, 2013) Exercise 3 Something's Gotta Give movie was a romantic comedy film directed by Nacy Meyers in 2003. It stars Jack Nicholson as a 60-year-old man Diane Keaton, 50-year women who fell in love with each other in a later part of their life. The older people sexuality in this movie is accurately depicted. Jack Nicholson as Harry Sanborn in the film had a habit of dating younger women. His latest muse was Marin Klein, and he took her to her mother's house. But there Marin Kleins mother Erica played by Diane Keaton was present. A strange situation arises when both Erica and Harry clashed into each other initially but eventually developed liking for each other. But both of them struggled to express their relationship because Harry was dating Erica's daughter and the doctor Julian had fallen for Erica. But the adult relationship ultimately began when Marin decided to break up with Marin. So Harry and Erica finally consummate their relationship, but he had to leave Erica's place after her health improved . But tragic situation arises when Erica finds Harry with another woman in the party. Heartbroken, Erica decides to depict her life story in play. Her play was highly successful, and Harry repented for his activities, and they united in the end (Jermyn McCabe, 2013). Therefore the characters in the movie revealed their sexual interest and active sexual life in that age. It had two old characters entangled in a love relationship. The character of Harry showed that sex does not die when people become old. Some people are very active in a relationship during that age too. The characters of the movie had effectively portrayed adult love and sexuality. Harry's sexual interest was seen by his changing partners. He was also about to consummate his relationship for the first time with Marin. But Erica came in and was terrified to see her daughter dating and old man. The character, however, changed with time. Harry now develops liking for Erica as he felt she was a woman of substance. Erica also opens up with him, and she felt her life to be much better with him. The sex scne between the central characters also showed how moved they were as they both cried. The movie gave the idea that older people are also romantic, and adult sexuality was incredibly dep icted in the movie (Gatling et al., 2014). Reference Cahill, S., Valadz, R. (2013). Growing older with HIV/AIDS: New public health challenges.American Journal of Public Health,103(3), e7-e15. Gatling, M., Mills, J., Lindsay, D. (2014). Representations of middle age in comedy film: A critical discourse analysis.The Qualitative Report,19(12), 1. How is Sleep Apnea Treated?. (2016).Sleepfoundation.org. Retrieved 26 June 2016, from https://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders-problems/sleep-apnea-treatment/page/0/1 Jermyn, D., McCabe, J. (2013). Sea of love: place, desire and the beaches of romantic comedy.Continuum,27(5), 603-616. Milaszewski, D., Greto, E., Klochkov, T., FullerThomson, E. (2012). A systematic review of education for the prevention of HIV/AIDS among older adults.Journal of evidence-based social work,9(3), 213-230.

Ryanair Economic Analysis Essay Example

Ryanair Economic Analysis Paper Data for passengers on route to London Source: CA airline/airport statistics The numbers of passengers traveling by LLC airlines are also increasing ever since its entrants as shown in the statistics below: Total annual alarm passenger movements In 1 Source: Commission for Integrated Transport The LLC market is an oligopoly market as there are 3 major airlines which dominate approximately 70% of the market. The products are homogeneous, which is low cost IR travel though there are slight differentiation in terms of customer service, travel destinations and flexibility of travel times. The firms within the market engage in price wars where they cut prices to grab a larger market share. The firms maintain their customers loyalty by offering the low air fares and brand themselves through advertising. Some customers may stick to an airline provider for some reasons such as convenience, flexibility and brand loyalty. Therefore, when another firm sells at a higher price, it doesnt mean that the customer will switch airlines. However, it also isnt mean that the customers wont switch because are no restrictions or switching costs involved. A factor which may cause customers to switch is when the price difference is too high to tolerate. In this market there is a significant barrier to entry because of the high set up cost. It is also difficult to penetrate the market because of the 3 major firms which accounts for a huge market share. The LLC market also shows some characteristics of monopolistic competition because of there are many other LLC airlines. There are also no legal barriers to entry because there are legal restrictions to enter the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Ryanair Economic Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ryanair Economic Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ryanair Economic Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Moreover, the governments show that they want to encourage competition in this industry when the Irish government rejected a takeover of Are Lingua by Ryan in 2009 (Reuters). Conduct Ryan conducts its business by cutting costs and lowering air fare prices. The company cuts cost through many ways such as using secondary airports, reducing the weight of their airplanes, reducing staff costs, removing bookings through travel agents and removing in-flight meals. The company commits to the basic service to their customer which is flying them from one place to another without delays. Any ore than that, the customers will be charged. Ryan charges the customers for various things such as in-flight meals, payment handling fees, wheelchair usage and online check-in (BBC 2009). The company also charges their staffs for training and interview sessions to reduce staff costs (Creator 2005). Since Ryan aims to provide the lowest air fare prices, they maximize airplanes capacity by removing business class and first class space. There are no pricing agreements arranged between other LLC operators, therefore, the prices of tickets varies. Non-price competition also exists in the LLC market. Ryan commits to provide customer service and flight punctuality. Performance The revenue of Ryan has been increasing from financial year 2000 to 2009. Although the revenue has been increasing, the company made a net loss of ?169 million in the financial year 2009. This was due to an increase in oil prices and has increased the operating expenses. The fuel bill rose by 59% as compared to the Atlanta year 2 Source: Orbits 200,000 E-Resource for Company Information Besides that, the number of passengers carried has also increased since financial year 2001 as shown in the graph below.